As more Americans work from home than ever before, many employers are wondering about their obligations under OSHA as well as how to reduce the chances that workers may be injured while telecommuting.

Obviously, the chances of an injury when working from home are small. The most common issue that is likely to arise is long-term injuries from poor workstation design, which can result in carpal tunnel syndrome and other stress and ergonomic injuries that develop over time.

For the most part, employers should approach workplace safety for telecommuting workers as they would safety for office workers, particularly workstation design and arrangement (ergonomics) as well as work scheduling and distribution.

Duties under OSHA

OSHA's General Duty Clause applies to any place an employer has staff working, be that at the company's facilities or worksites, at a customer's worksite, or even if they work from home.

Under the clause, employers have a general duty to "furnish to each of his employee's employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees."

Fortunately, most workplace safety specialists say that employers have little responsibility in ensuring a safe workplace. In fact, OSHA has issued guidance stating that it:

• Won't inspect employee's home offices
• Won't hold employers responsible for safety in home offices, and
• Does not expect employers to inspect home offices.

Workers' comp still in play

While that is good news, employers are still responsible for any injuries an employee suffers while working from home under workers' compensation laws.
For an injury to be considered work-related it must:

• Have happened while the employee is on the clock, and
• Occur while the worker is performing their work tasks.

With that in mind, employers do have an obligation to ensure that a home worksite is safe in order to prevent injuries, even if OSHA does not require it.

The international law firm of Foley & Lardner, LLP recommends that employers:

• Provide assistance and guidance to employees regarding the setup of the home worksite. Consider developing a YouTube video or written handout giving instructions pertaining to the setting up of equipment in an ergonomic fashion, electrical setup (i.e., only plug in two electrical devices in an outlet, etc.).
• Establish a hotline or other communication mechanism for remote employees to call if in need of assistance.
• Develop a checklist addressing safety and productivity issues and have employees complete the checklist every six months or so.
• Train employees on a recurring basis (such as annually) as to remote employees' obligations to report alleged work injuries and/or illnesses, and how to report such injuries and/or illnesses.

Specific tips

• The desk, chair, keyboard, mouse, terminal, and other accessories should all be at the appropriate heights to reduce strain on the eyes, neck, and wrists:
  • The keyboard and mouse should be at the right height where wrists are in a neutral position.
  • The chair should be at the right height to ensure the employee can type without strain on the wrists and so that they are looking directly straight ahead at the terminal.
  • The terminal should be placed at eye level.
  • The desk should be at the right height to ensure all of the above. A kitchen table or counter would usually not be suitable.
• Ensure that the equipment is sturdy. For example, the desk should be appropriate height and sturdy enough to handle the weight of any peripheral equipment that your work may place on it (e.g., computers, printers, fax machines, scanners, etc.).
• Ensure that lighting is properly arranged: there should not be reflections on or glare from the computer monitor.
• Make sure extension cords and cables are in good condition and do not present a tripping hazard.

The takeaway

While you as an employer are not required under OSHA regulations to inspect your workers' home's for compliance, it is a good idea to give them guidelines for how to set up their home office and also work with them to supply any needed furniture or accessories they would need to safely carry out their work tasks.
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You may also want to consider asking them to install a smoke alarm in their home and that they have a plan to evacuate in case of fire or other emergency. Also if they have a lot of electrical equipment, there should be sufficient ventilation.

As lawsuits against employers continue rising amid the coronavirus pandemic, some businesses are requiring workers to sign waivers absolving them of liability and responsibility should they contract the virus.

Eight percent of executives surveyed by law firm Blank Rome said they would require that their workers sign waivers of liability before returning to the workplace.
While employers are trying to protect themselves from a liability that didn't even exist a year ago, some human resources legal experts have expressed concerns that they may not be necessary and may be unenforceable.

The moves come as employers are wrestling with numerous risks that the pandemic has wrought, and with the U.S. Senate having proposed legislation that would limit the liability of employers for workers who become sick during the pandemic. A number of states have also enacted laws or emergency regulations that make it harder for employees to sue employers for negligence over COVID-19.

COVID-19-spurred employee lawsuits have mostly centered on employers not providing the proper protections for workers, discrimination or for being laid off for refusing to come to work.

Legal experts caution that employers cannot require workers to waive rights they may have, such as access to workers' compensation benefits or the right to file a complaint with OSHA.

They also say that some employers may consider waivers as a green light to not take precautions against COVID-19, but in such cases the waivers would likely not be legal.

If a worker claims they caught COVID-19 at work and the facts back that up, they would likely have access to workers' compensation benefits (some states even require it). But if the employer was negligent, the employee could have further legal avenues to pursue besides workers' compensation, rights that cannot legally be waived, lawyers say.

So even if an employee were to sign a document waiving their right to file a complaint if they feel their employer is being negligent, they may still have recourse.

Requiring workers to sign waivers could present a number of legal issues, according to the law website nolo.com, including:

• Courts in some states are reluctant to enforce liability waivers in the workplace because of the superior bargaining power of employers over their staff.
• Workplace morale could suffer if your employees think you are placing your own economic interests above workplace safety.
• Any waiver employees sign would not protect your firm from lawsuits filed by their families should they contract COVID-19 if staff are infected at work.
• A waiver might be unnecessary in states that have passed laws granting immunity to employers for claims made by workers infected with the virus.

 
Another option

While employees who refuse to sign a waiver of their company's liability may have grounds to challenge their employer, some liability lawyers say that employers instead of a waiver can ask their staff to sign a social contract that requires:

• The employer to follow Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines and take all necessary precautions to prevent the spread of COVID-19 at work, and
• The workers to comply with their employer's requirements on mandates on wearing masks, social distancing and not coming to work if they have symptoms or of they think they have been exposed to someone with COVID-19. 

 
This type of agreement won't protect an employer from a lawsuit, but it does spell out that they are following authorities' recommendation for protecting employees.

While employees who refuse to sign a waiver of their company's liability could have grounds to sue, those who sign this type of acknowledgement of new workplace rules and government guidance are less likely to be successful if they are fired for not signing. This is because the acknowledgement is not forcing them to give up any of their rights and is rather for their and their co-workers' protection. 

These social contracts also would provide workers with a list of their responsibilities when working during the COVID-19 pandemic, and outline what their employer is doing to protect them.